ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are essential fatty acids for animals and have many physiological functions, such as improving animal production and reproduction performance, immune regulation, improving coat color and eggshell appearance, etc. They mainly include α-linolenic acid (C18:3, ALA), Eicosapentaenoic acids (C20:5, EPA), and Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA), which are widely found in fish, algae and some plants.

OMEGA-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFAs) are one of the essential fatty acids and the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids in food. They play an important role in the development of the brain and vision of the body. They are mainly composed of linoleic acid (LA), which is the precursor of γ-linolenic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA).

Carotenoids are a naturally occurring fat-soluble functional food ingredient that is yellow, orange-red, or red in appearance. They are a general term for an important class of natural pigments that are commonly found in animals, higher plants, algae, and bacteria. They are the main source of vitamin A in the body and have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, and anti-aging effects. Humans and animals cannot synthesize carotene in their bodies and must ingest it from the outside.